Pets and Poison—Garlic and Onion
Many families are careful about what their pets eat, but some common household ingredients can be surprisingly dangerous. Garlic and onion, along with other members of the Allium family (such as chives and leeks), are toxic to dogs and cats. Even in small amounts, these foods can cause serious health issues, making it crucial for pet parents to understand the risks and know what to do if their pet ingests them.
Why Are Garlic and Onion Toxic to Pets?
Garlic, onion and related plants contain compounds called thiosulfates, which are harmless to humans but can be highly toxic to pets. These substances damage red blood cells, leading to hemolytic anaemia—a condition where red blood cells break down faster than the body can replace them. This can result in oxygen deprivation and serious health complications.
Unlike some toxins that act immediately, the effects of garlic and onion poisoning may take several days to appear. Additionally, both raw and cooked forms are dangerous, and even dried or powdered versions (such as onion powder in seasoning mixes) can cause harm.
Symptoms of Garlic and Onion Toxicity
If a dog or cat consumes garlic or onion, they may experience a range of symptoms, including:
Lethargy and weakness (due to low oxygen levels)
Vomiting and diarrhoea
Pale or yellowish gums
Rapid breathing or panting
Increased heart rate
Dark-colored urine
Loss of appetite
Severe cases can lead to organ damage and life-threatening anaemia, so early intervention is essential.
How Much Is Too Much?
There is no universally safe amount of garlic or onion for pets. Even small amounts can be toxic, especially with repeated exposure. Some breeds, such as Japanese dog breeds (e.g., Akitas and Shiba Inus), may be more sensitive to garlic and onion toxicity.
What to Do If Your Pet Eats Garlic or Onion
If you suspect your pet has ingested garlic, onion, or any related food, act quickly:
Seek immediate veterinary attention.
Do not wait for symptoms to appear—damage may already be occurring.
Follow our vets’ instructions. We may induce vomiting, administer activated charcoal or provide supportive care such as IV fluids and oxygen therapy if anaemia has developed.
Comments