Pets and Poison—Xylitol

As pet parents, we go to great lengths to keep our cats and dogs safe, but some dangers can be hidden in plain sight. One such threat is xylitol, a common sugar substitute found in many human foods and household products. While harmless to humans, xylitol is highly toxic to dogs and can have life-threatening consequences.

What is Xylitol?

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a low-calorie sweetener in a variety of products, including:

• Sugar-free gum

• Lollies and mints

• Baked goods

• Peanut butter

• Sugar-free syrups and jams

• Certain medications and vitamins

• Some dental products such as toothpaste and mouthwash

Although xylitol is safe for human consumption, it triggers a dangerous insulin release in dogs, leading to a rapid drop in blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) and potential liver failure.

Why is Xylitol Dangerous for Dogs?

When a dog ingests xylitol, their pancreas mistakes it for real sugar and releases a large amount of insulin. This sudden insulin surge causes a dramatic drop in blood sugar levels, which can occur within 10-60 minutes of ingestion. If untreated, hypoglycaemia can lead to seizures, coma and even death. In some cases, xylitol poisoning can also result in liver failure, even if the dog survives the initial hypoglycaemic episode.

Signs of Xylitol Poisoning

If your dog ingests xylitol, symptoms can appear quickly. Look out for:

• Vomiting

• Weakness or lethargy

• Loss of coordination (stumbling, difficulty standing)

• Tremors or seizures

• Collapse

• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and gums in severe cases)

What About Cats?

While cats do not seem to be as severely affected by xylitol as dogs, they are also less likely to eat sweet foods. However, it's best to keep all xylitol-containing products away from all pets just to be safe.

What to Do If Your Dog Eats Xylitol

If you suspect your dog has eaten something containing xylitol, act quickly:

1. Seek immediate veterinary attention. Time is critical in preventing severe complications.

2. Contact a pet poison hotline. The Animal Poisons Centre 1300 869 738 can provide guidance.

3. Do not wait for symptoms to appear. By the time you notice signs, the poisoning may already be advanced.

Preventing Xylitol Poisoning

• Check ingredient labels. Always read the ingredients on food, medications and personal care items before leaving them within your pet’s reach.

Xylitol can sometimes be hidden under different names on ingredient labels, making it even trickier for pet parents to spot. Some alternative names for xylitol include:

• Birch sugar

• Wood sugar

• Sugar alcohol (though not all sugar alcohols are xylitol, it's worth checking)

Some manufacturers may list it simply as a “sugar substitute” or under “natural sweeteners,” so it’s always best to double-check the ingredient list, especially for sugar-free products such as gum, mints, peanut butter and baked goods.

• Store products safely. Keep gum, lollies and baked goods out of reach of curious pets.

• Be cautious with peanut butter. Some peanut butter brands now include xylitol as an ingredient, so check labels before using it as a treat.

• Educate family and friends. Make sure everyone in your household is aware of the dangers of xylitol for pets.

Final Thoughts

Xylitol is a silent but deadly danger for dogs, and even a small amount can lead to life-threatening complications. By being proactive and informed, pet parents can prevent accidental poisoning and keep their pets safe. Always check ingredient labels, store food securely and act fast if an emergency arises. When in doubt, contact us or the poison control hotline immediately.